FAST Beamline

Time-resolved studies of manufacturing processes and performance of structural materials.

Learn more about the FAST beamline.

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3A User Operational Guide (work in progress)

Description:Time-resolved studies of manufacturing processes and performance of structural materials.
Beamline scientists:Kate Shanks, Amlan Das
Capabilities available and under development:

Techniques:

Near field high-energy diffraction microscopy

Far-field high-energy diffraction microscopy

μ-computed tomography

Area detector-based powder diffraction

High-speed diffraction (kHz-MHz)*

Acoustic emission*

Sample environments:

RAMS2: uniaxial tensile, compressive, and cyclic loading up to 1 kN (compression)/2 kN (tension), with optional furnace add-on for thermomechanical tests up to 800C

CCLF: uniaxial tensile, compressive, and cyclic loading up to 5 kN

Bose electromagnetic load frame: high-cycle fatigue loading up to 100 Hz and 2.5 kN

Laser Powder Fusion Additive Manufacturing Testbed*

RAMS4: Tensile-Torsion Loading*

(* indicates capabilities under development - contact beamline staff to discuss availability)

Detectors:

(availability of specific detectors in this list is subject to change - contact beamline staff to discuss availability)

Dual-panel Dexela 2923, GE RT-41, CdTe Eiger 500k, scintillator-coupled Retiga 4000DC, scintillator-coupled Manta G-1236

PointGrey Grasshopper for optical DIC

Photon Energy Range:

Double-crystal monochromator:

20 - 40 keV for Si(111); 40 - 70 keV for Si(220)

Multilayer monochromator:

17-40 keV for 30 Å stripe, 40 - 88 keV for 15 Å stripe

Energy Resolution:

DCM:

Si(111): 0.002; Si(220): 0.0006

Multilayer:

30 Å stripe: 0.029; 15 Å stripe: 0.005

Spot size:

Beam size: maximum 2.25 mm (h) x 1 mm (v)

Divergence: 0.05 mrad (h), 0.01 mrad (v)

 

Publications

Bhowmick, Mithun, Dhanalakshmi Sellan, Kade Johnson, Kenneth Mikolaichik, Xuan Zhou, Amlan Das, Chari Ramkumar, Brenden A. Magill, Nicholas W. G. Smith, Giti A. Khodaparast. “Probing structural alterations in shock compressed GaAs.” AIP Advances 15 (2025) 035203. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249899

Wakai, Akane, Jenniffer Bustillos, Noah Sargent, Jamesa L. Stokes, Wei Xiong, Timothy M. Smith, Atieh Moridi. “Harnessing metastability for grain size control in multiprincipal element alloys during additive manufacturing.” Nature Communications 16 (2025) 1446. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56616-0

Phan, Thien, Hazar Seren, Amlan Das, Kelly Nygren, Lyle Levine. “Elastic residual strain measurements of 3D additively manufactured builds on nickel alloy 718 AM Bench 2022 artifacts using energy dispersive synchrotron x-ray diffraction.” Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40192-024-00388-w

Bustillos, Jenniffer, Akane Wakai, Kaushalendra Singh, Chenxi Tian, Adrita Dass, Sai Pratyush Akula, Amlan Das, Atieh Moridi. “Alloy amalgamation: Unlocking the co-existence of multiple phases in additively manufactured titanium alloys.” Applied Materials Today 42 (2025) 102606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2025.102606

Jenkins, David M., Jared P. Matteucci, Alexander J. Kerstanski, Johannes Hammerli, Katherine S. Shanks, Zhongwu Wang. “Thermophysical properties of synthetic marialite.” Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 52 (2025) 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00269-024-01307-3

Amon, Alfred, Glenn E. Bean, J.-B. Forien, Thomas Voisin, Joshua A. Hammons, Emily E. Moore, Emrah Simsek, Jibril Shittu, Katherine S. Shanks, Kelly E. Nygren, Aurelién Perron, Ryan Ott, Scott K. McCall, Hunter B. Henderson. “Alloy design for additive manufacturing: Continuously reinforced Al-Ce nanocomposites.” Materials & Design 250 (2025) 113595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113595

Whitney, Bonnie C., Anthony G. Spangenberger, Daniel J. Savage, Donald W. Brown, Dale T. Carver, Amlan Das, Katherine S. Shanks, Diana A. Lados. “Solid-state phase transformation kinetics and mechanisms in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V studied using in-situ high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction.” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-024-07630-2

Neveau, Max L., William r. Meier, Hyojin Park, Michael J. Thompson, Nitish Bibhanshu, Catrin Böcher, Tomer Fishman, David Weiss, Matthew F. Chisholm, Orlando Rios, Gerd Duscher. “Secondary phase increases the elastic modulus of a cast aluminum-cerium alloy.” Nature Communications Materials 5 (2024) 185. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-024-00611-3

Shankar, Karthik, Meddelin Setiawan, Katherine S. Shanks, Matthew E. Krug, Matthew P. Kasemer, Darren C. Pagan. “The influence of substantial intragranular orientation gradients on the micromechanical response of heavily-worked material.” Materials Characterization 217 (2024), 114432 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114432.

Kumpati, Joshua, Manon Bonvalet Rolland, Sk.Md. Hasan, Katherine S. Shanks, Peter Hedstrom, Annika Borgenstam. "Deconstructing the retained austenite stability: in situ observations on the austenite stability in one- and two-phase bulk microstructures during uniaxial tensile tests." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A (2024) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-024-07569-4

Louca, Karim, Katherine S. Shanks, Amlan Das, Darren Pagan, Robert Klassen, Hamidreza Abdolvand. "The development of grain resolved stress fields around notch tips in soft-textured zirconium polycrystals: A three-dimensional synchrotron X-ray diffraction study." International Journal of Plasticity 181 (2024) 104076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2024.104076

Li, Jianxiong, Katherine S. Shanks, Amlan Das, Isaac M. Nault, Mostafa Hassani. "Synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of the internal load transfer in Ni-CrC metal matrix composites." Materials Science & Engineering A 911 (2024) 146907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2024.146907

Mukhopadhyay, Shomik, Kevin Hom, Alex deJong, Timothy Long, Todd C. Hufnagel, Amlan Das, Katherine S. Shanks, Mirko Schoenitz, Edward L. Dreizin. "X-ray imaging of powder particles driven from a surface by a nearby electrostatic discharge." Advanced Powder Technology 34 (2024) 104472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2024.104472

Louca, Karim, Katherine S. Shanks, Amlan Das, Hamidreza Abdolvand. “The asymmetric evolution of grain-scale stresses in notched specimens under cyclic loads.” Acta Materialia 264 (2024) 119567.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2023.119567

Mackey, Brandon T., Ritwik Bandyopadhyay, Sven E. Gustafson, Michael D. Sangid. “Grain interactions under thermo-mechanical loads investigated with coupled crystal plasticity simulations and high-energy X-ray diffraction microscopy.” Acta Materialia 257 (2023) 119166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2023.119166

Dass, Adrita, Chenxi Tian, Darren C. Pagan, Atieh Moridi. “Dendritic deformation modes in additive manufacturing revealed by operando x-ray diffraction.” Nature Communications Materials 4 (2023) 76. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-023-00404-0

Keller, Thomas, Dylan Barbagallo, Natalya Sheremetyeva, Tushar Kanti Ghosh, Katherine S. Shanks, Geoffroy Hautier, Ian Baker. “The phase transformation behavior of Mn-Al rare-earth-free permanent magnets.” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 587 (2023) 171331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171331

Gustafson, Sven, Wolfgang Ludwig, Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas, Can Yildirim, Katherine S. Shanks, Carsten Detlefs, Michael D. Sangid. “Revealing 3D intragranular micromechanical fields at triple junctions.” Acta Materialia 260 (2023) 119300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2023.119300

Ren, Jie, Margaret Wu, Chenyang Li, Shuai Guan, Jiaqi Dong, Jean-Baptiste Forien, Tianyi Li, Katherine S. Shanks, Dunji Yu, Yan Chen, Ke An, Kelvin Y. Xie, Wei Chen, Thomas Voisin, and Wen Chen. “Deformation mechanisms in an additively manufactured dual-phase eutectic high-entropy alloy.” Acta Materialia 257 (2023) 119179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2023.119179

Ferguson, John I., Abdullah Al Saad, M. Hazar Seren, J.Y. Peter Ko, Kelly E. Nygren, Rodney W. Trice, and Michael D. Sangid. “Residual elastic strain and survivability of stabilized zirconia coated carbon-carbon (C/C) composite.” Surface & Coatings Technology 470 (2023) 129811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129811

Wakai, Akane, Amlan Das, Jennifer Bustillos, and Atieh Moridi. “Effect of solidification pathway during additive manufacturing on grain boundary fractality.” Additive Manufacturing Letters 6 (2023) 100149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100149

Gustafson, Sven E., Darren C. Pagan, Brett Sanborn, and Michael D. Sangid. “Grain scale residual stress response after quasi-static and high strain rate loading in SS316L.” Materials Characterization 187 (2023) 112692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2023.112692

Ferguson, John I., Armand J. Beaudoin, Gregory D. Scofield, J.Y. Peter Ko, Kelly E. Nygren, Yujie Wang, Mario Caccia, Kenneth H. Sandhage, Michael D. Sangid. “Residual elastic strain evolution due to thermal cycling of a ceramic-metal composite (WC-Cu) via high energy X-ray diffraction and analytical modeling.” International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 110 (2023) 106018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2022.106018

Worsnop, Felicity F., Rachel E. Lim, Joel V. Bernier, Darren C. Pagan, Yilun Xu, Thomas P. McAuliffe, David Rugg, and David Dye. “The influence of alloying on slip intermittency and the implications for dwell fatigue in titanium.” Nature Communications 13 (2022) 5949. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33437-z

Shadle, Dalton J., Matthew P. Miller, and Kelly E. Nygren. “Using real-time data analysis to conduct next-generation synchrotron fatigue studies.” International Journal of Fatigue 164 (2022) 107113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.107113

Garkas, Gergely, Jishnu Bhattacharyya, Olena Levytska, Gyula Zilahi, Kristián Máthis, and Sean R. Agnew. “Line profile analysis and rocking curve evaluation of 3D diffraction data reveal a strain softening mechanism.” Acta Materialia 233 (2022) 117993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2022.117993

Dass, Adrita, Ashlee Gabourel, Darren Pagan, and Atieh Moridi. “Laser based directed energy deposition system for operando synchrotron x-ray experiments.” Review of Scientific Instruments 93 (2022) 075106. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0081186

Roumina, Reza, Sangwon Lee, Tracy D Berman, Katherine S Shanks, John E Allison, and Ashley Bucsek. “The dynamics of recrystallized grains during static recrystallization in a hot-compressed Mg-3.2Zn-0.1Ca wt.% alloy using in-situ far field high-energy diffraction microscopy.” Acta Materialia 234 (2022) 118039 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2022.118039

Gadkari, Divya, Katherine S. Shanks, Hannah Hu, Hugh T. Philipp, Mark W. Tate, Julia Thom-Levy, and Sol M. Gruner. “Characterization of 128 x 128 MM-PAD-2.1 ASIC: a fast framing hard x-ray detector with high dynamic range.” Journal of Instrumentation 17 P03003 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/03/P0300

Triantafyllou, Christos, Darren C. Pagan, and Andrew McBride. “Quantifying the effect of macrozones on the cold-dwell fatigue response of UD-rolled Ti-6Al-4V using high-energy X-ray diffraction.” Materials Science and Engineering: A 834 (2022) 142498 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.142498

Naragani, Diwakar, Paul Shade, William Musinski, Donald Boyce, Mark Obstalecki, Darren Pagan, Joel Bernier, and Armand Beaudoin. “Interpretation of intragranular strain fields in high-energy synchrotron X-ray experiments via finite element simulations and analysis of incompatible deformation.” Materials & Design 210 (2021) 110053 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110053

Bhattacharyya, Jishnu J., Darren C. Pagan, and Sean R. Agnew. “Large rotations of the grain-scale stress tensor during yielding set the stage of failure.” International Journal of Plasticity 146 (2021) 103087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2021.103087

Pagan, Darren C., Kelly E. Nygren, and Matthew P. Miller. “Analysis of a three-dimensional slip field in a hexagonal Ti alloy from in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction microscopy data.” Acta Materialia 221 (2021) 117372  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117372

Gustafson, Sven, Wolfgang Ludwig, Paul Shade, Diwakar Naragani, Darren Pagan, Phil Cook, Can Yildirim, Carsten Detlefs, and Michael D. Sangid. "Quantifying microscale drivers for fatigue failure via coupled synchrotron X-ray characterization and simulations." Nature Communications 11, no. 1 (2020): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16894-2

Gustafson, Sven E., Darren C. Pagan, Paul A. Shade, and Michael D. Sangid. "Dynamic recovery observed in distinct grains within a polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy during cyclic high temperature fatigue via high energy X-ray diffraction microscopy." Scripta Materialia 192 (2021): 37-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.10.004

Bhattacharyya, Jishnu J., Sriramya Nair, Darren C. Pagan, Vahid Tari, Anthony D. Rollett, and Sean R. Agnew. "In-situ high energy X-ray diffraction study of the elastic response of a metastable β-titanium alloy." Acta Materialia 197 (2020): 300-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.07.050

Pagan, Darren C., Thien Q. Phan, Jordan S. Weaver, Austin R. Benson, and Armand J. Beaudoin. "Unsupervised learning of dislocation motion." Acta Materialia 181 (2019): 510-518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.10.011

He, Lewei, Darren C. Pagan, Aaron Nardi, and Mostafa Hassani. "Synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of the phase-specific deformation in additively manufactured Ni–CrC composites." Composites Part B: Engineering (2021): 109086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109086

Boyce, D., P. Shade, W. Musinski, M. Obstalecki, D. Pagan, J. Bernier, and T. Turner. "Estimation of anisotropic elastic moduli from high energy X-Ray data and finite element simulations." Materialia 12 (2020): 100795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2020.100795

Joung, A., D. C. Pagan, J. Gilbert, L. Vien, I. Ong, C. Bonsignore, and H. M. Paranjape. "A Digital Image Correlation Methodology for the Characterization of Cyclic Deformation in Nickel-Titanium Medical Device Fatigue Test Specimens."

Nygren, Kelly E., Darren C. Pagan, Joel V. Bernier, and Matthew P. Miller. "An algorithm for resolving intragranular orientation fields using coupled far-field and near-field high energy X-ray diffraction microscopy." Materials Characterization 165 (2020): 110366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110366

Pagan, Darren C., Kevontrez K. Jones, Joel V. Bernier, and Thien Q. Phan. "A Finite Energy Bandwidth-Based Diffraction Simulation Framework for Thermal Processing Applications." JOM 72, no. 12 (2020): 4539-4550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04443-7

Gordon, J. V., R. E. Lim, M. J. Wilkin, D. C. Pagan, R. A. Lebensohn, and A. D. Rollett. "Evaluating the grain-scale deformation behavior of a single-phase FCC high entropy alloy using synchrotron high energy diffraction microscopy." Acta Materialia 215 (2021): 117120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117120

Paul, Partha P., Harshad M. Paranjape, Behnam Amin-Ahmadi, Darren C. Pagan, Yuriy I. Chumlyakov, and L. Catherine Brinson. "Heterogeneity and inelasticity of deformation in a notched martensitic NiTi shape memory alloy specimen." Acta Materialia 194 (2020): 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.05.019

Pagan, Darren C., Kelly E. Nygren, and Matthew P. Miller. "Analysis of a Three-Dimensional Slip Field in a Hexagonal Ti Alloy from in-situ High-Energy X-ray Diffraction Microscopy Data." https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.12204 (2021).

Bhattacharyya, Jishnu J., Sriramya Nair, Darren C. Pagan, Vahid Tari, Ricardo A. Lebensohn, Anthony D. Rollett, and Sean R. Agnew. "Elastoplastic transition in a metastable β-Titanium alloy, Timetal-18–An in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction study." International Journal of Plasticity 139 (2021): 102947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2021.102947

Dawson, Paul R., Matthew P. Miller, Tresa M. Pollock, Joe Wendorf, Leah H. Mills, Jean Charles Stinville, Marie Agathe Charpagne, and McLean P. Echlin. "Mechanical Metrics of Virtual Polycrystals (MechMet)." Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation (2021): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40192-021-00206-7

Miller, Matthew P., Darren C. Pagan, Armand J. Beaudoin, Kelly E. Nygren, and Dalton J. Shadle. "Understanding micromechanical material behavior using synchrotron X-rays and in situ loading." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 51, no. 9 (2020): 4360-4376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05888-w

Pagan, Darren C., Gideon H. Schmidt, Andy D. Borum, Timothy J. Long, and Armand J. Beaudoin. "Informing Mechanical Model Development Using Lower-Dimensional Descriptions of Lattice Distortion." Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation 9, no. 4 (2020): 459-471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40192-020-00196-y

Murphy-Leonard, Aeriel D., Darren C. Pagan, Patrick G. Callahan, Zach K. Heinkel, Christopher E. Jasien, and David J. Rowenhorst. "Investigation of porosity, texture, and deformation behavior using high energy X-rays during in-situ tensile loading in additively manufactured 316L stainless steel." Materials Science and Engineering: A 810 (2021): 141034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141034

Echlin, McLean P., Matthew Kasemer, Kamalika Chatterjee, Donald Boyce, Jean Charles Stinville, Patrick G. Callahan, Euan Wielewski et al. "Microstructure-Based Estimation of Strength and Ductility Distributions for α+ β Titanium Alloys." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 52, no. 6 (2021): 2411-2434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06233-5

Musinski, William D., Paul A. Shade, Darren C. Pagan, and Joel V. Bernier. "Statistical aspects of grain-level strain evolution and reorientation during the heating and elastic-plastic loading of a Ni-base superalloy at elevated temperature." Materialia 16 (2021): 101063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2021.101063

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